Public Service Broadcasting
Public service broadcasting is broadcasting for the audience not too market them. As in the term public service which is to serve its audience.
The BBC was originally founded as the British Broadcasting company in 1922. This was was in response to American Commercial radio which began in 1904 the English deemed inappropriate. The company was devoid of both government and commercial influence. The freshly founded British broadcasting company followed a key list of morals that are still influential today here's the list from the first director John Reiths memos of what the BBC should stand for and a few of my annotations.
- To Educate, Inform and Entertain ( Of which "Top Gear" does none );
- Lead public taste, not pander to it;
- Act as a cultural, moral and educative force;
- Present the best of human knowledge, en-devour and achievement ( Again "Top Gear" you failed us)
- Preserve a high moral tone, avoiding the vulgar and hurtful ( Nice going Saville )
- Bring the nation together 'As one man' , by ensuring universal access
- Act as a social cement to create a national identity and an enlightened democracy
- Remain free from commercial and government pressure
This however has a small setback as "if the the BBC doesn't make money by selling its viewers how does it receive funding?". The BBC charges for a licence which lets you watch their programming and fund their shows.
A big question however is whether or not a licence fee is still necessary in today media market. is what the BBC provides only an informative show when people don't necessarily want that. Personally I believe the BBC currently too be needed more than ever.
Commercial Broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting is where you use television to make money. ITV was founded 1955 and became the first Independent commercial television channel. Although unlike the BBC this channel was made to make money. But for funding was payed for by advertisements, They had too follow a very tight set of requirements to make sure they were operating legally.
Had to make things like a Public Service Broadcast channel regulated too show things that educated and informed to bad the rules have slackened up now and ITV has become another everyday channel however it is still more informative to it's sister channel ITV 2.
There are three types of broadcasting television. The first is cable and that's the only "Hard wired" form of television it is carried to the box through a cable. The second is Terrestrial which comes are born signals that transmit from towers. The Final is satellite which is transmitted from satellites high in the earths orbit.
Channel 4 was a really out their conception as it was made to appease the minorities and be Avant-Garde and Interesting however that doesn't make commercial strength. In theory they should have crashed but ITV was made too use the same advertisements from it's regional channels in tie of the nationwide broadcasting of channel 4. Since then however channel 4 has flourished and now uses it's own advertising.Corporate Ownership
Corporations are large scale limited Liability companies which give there investors a level of financial security which protects there personal wealth if the company economically crashes. For plenty of examples look down at the big six media corporations below.
Private Ownership / Independent companies
Not owned by the government. Owned by people.
Global Companies
Concentrated lots owned by the view. The Big Six are huge media conglomerates that pretty much own 90% of the media industry including most of the big film production companies.
Viacom
Owners of paramount pictures, Nickelodeon, MTV, and Comedy Central among other things also The Teenage Mutant Ninja turtles.
Time Warner
The owners of Warner bros
HBO and Cartoon Network
News Corporation
The owners of Fox, Like everything beginning with fox (Maybe even the animal).
They also own "The News of the World" newspaper.
(Rupert Murdoch owns your soul)
Walt Disney
It owns Star-wars and Marvel little boys don't stand a chance.
Sony
Owns Columbia Pictures and the technology empire
General electric
Are the biggest business conglomerate, They own Universal and Working Title and are worth 751.216 dollars (Makes Doctor Evil seem reasonable).
Vertical integration
An example of this would be the Warner Village Cinemas which where a direct line of exhibition that they can however these in the last decade and a half have become extinct and the majority of these cinemas have been bought by Vue.
Horizontal integration
Horizontal is the opposite of vertical integration instead of owning the path do your money you buy the competition next to you meaning companies have less choice not to work with you. A truly traumatic part of this to me is not only did Disney buy Star Wars it also bought Lucas Arts and It's subsidiaries Industrial light and Magic and Sky walker sound.Monopoly
Monopoly is when you have literally bought everybody to the sides of you so you have no choice but to go though your company or other large conglomerates.
Funding
One off purchases Buying a DVD or going to see a movie.
Pay per view
Pay per view is when you pay a on off fee to watch something in particular, Its kinda like renting a movie.
Subscription
You pay to have access to something for a while It's like a longer version of pay per view.
Licence fee
A Licence fee is essentially the same as a subscription but originally it was the only way to get the four original terrestrial channels.
Advertising
Advertising is showing a product with a bias to make people desire it and subsequently purchase it. Commercial broadcasting works by either attempting too reach allot of people or rich people. Depending on when the show is on and what sort of ratings the show gets affect the values of those commercial breaks and the advertising slots inside
Sponsorship
Its like an exclusive subdivision of advertising that pretty much means that this product funds it in exchange for certain perks like football having the Coca-Cola league ( I don't know football). If you can get a media product sponsored then that will already help the funding of the project without the threat of low ratings.
Product placement
Super Man drinks Bud, James Bond drinks Heineken. Adding popular brands to your movies help increase your production budget however people argue that this could be classed as subliminal messaging and highly immoral. I know I have shown this in previous coursework but it still applies.
Private capital
Private investors work in the same way banks do. They are often very wealthy individuals or companies looking to invest money in a feature with plenty of potential for high profit rewards. This also gives them influence in the film industry and gives them a platform for personal beliefs, for example Megan Ellison, multi-million heir and Scientologist. She using her influence funded and took an executive producer role in both the "Brad Pitt" film "Killing them Softly"and the the "Jeff Bridges" remake of "True Grit". (This Is a copy from my Requirements for production Essay).
Financial aid
Financial aid is being given money buy another party, In most cases it implies that you don't have too pay them back. This could also be called in allot of cases a grant. There are certain structures in place from the government and other organisations designed specifically to help cater to the British film industry. For example they can assist with the funding and promotion of films. To find out more about their funding service see the link below.
http://www.creativeengland.co.uk/index.php/portfolio/funding/
Crowd funding
This is where you go to a large group to ask for smaller funding donations.
A great Example is kick starter http://www.kickstarter.com/
Refferences
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?um=1&safe=off&sa=N&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=899&tbm=isch&tbnid=_4hbxGRTq_Nq7M:&imgrefurl=http://www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/etnapolis/interesting/&docid=JuJSKFPnJIMCrM&imgurl=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2104/2291190319_f229af4a53.jpg&w=500&h=375&ei=nH7JUZyzG8mP0AXll4DgBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:3,s:0,i:91&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=193&tbnw=257&start=0&ndsp=20&tx=104&ty=45
http://programmingthenation.com/WordPress/?p=502
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/tv/itv-kids-2010
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?um=1&safe=off&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=856&tbm=isch&tbnid=SViwmWSto2w_AM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cednphx.com/locations.html&docid=2bvaxSrk3qf2PM&imgurl=http://www.cednphx.com/images/GE_Logo.gif&w=720&h=717&ei=eIHJUYjcN66X0QXM-4C4Ag&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:5,s:0,i:104&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=188&tbnw=189&start=0&ndsp=15&tx=92&ty=14
No comments:
Post a Comment